{"id":19385,"date":"2025-08-20T14:33:23","date_gmt":"2025-08-20T14:33:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/?p=19385"},"modified":"2025-08-20T14:33:24","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T14:33:24","slug":"%ce%bf%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%bd%ce%bf%ce%bc%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%be%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae-%ce%ba%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%ac%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b1%cf%83%ce%b7-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b7%ce%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/?p=19385","title":{"rendered":"\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03ac\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"696\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19386\" title=\"a327-Economy5 (Small)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-1.jpeg 696w, https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-1-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-1-360x240.jpeg 360w, https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-1-600x400.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-1-450x300.jpeg 450w, https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-1-310x208.jpeg 310w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2. Shepherds also belonged to the middle class.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5) \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 150 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03ac\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1876 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1879. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u00ab\u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 21 \u03b3\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03af\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b6\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039a\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 10 \u03b3\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b6\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd 15 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 40 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2) \u03c4\u03bf \u03b6\u03ce\u03bf. \u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bf \u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anamniseis.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/a327-Economy4-Small.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anamniseis.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/a327-Economy4-Small.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-79780\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b6\u03ce\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd. The second category also included those who owned farm animals that helped in threshing grain.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u00ab\u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 41.272 \u03b3\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ae\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 413 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. (\u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 7,2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd 22 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 100 \u03b3\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 40 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 $860). \u039f \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u00ab\u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb 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\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7 (\u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1\u03ae\u03bb \u03a7\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2: \u0397 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u2026), \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03ac\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u2019 \u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab\u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 5% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 218 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1876, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 55 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 100-200 \u03b3\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf 121 \u03b3\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 (\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 $1044), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 $20,000 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac 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\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anamniseis.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/a327-Economy2-Small.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anamniseis.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/a327-Economy2-Small.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-79778\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 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The olive groves belonged to the Kanakaris and Kanakares.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03cc\u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 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\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1 (\u039d\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03a3\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, \u03a3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2, \u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2, \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, \u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba.\u03ac.). \u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd 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\u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03ce\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anamniseis.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/a327-Economy3-Small.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anamniseis.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/a327-Economy3-Small.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-79779\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. The Kanakaris and Kanakares the larger granaries.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 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\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u0394\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03af.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1-\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd, \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b6\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u00bb (\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1) \u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u038c\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03ca\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u0391\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a3\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03c1\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2. \u0391\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd, \u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd. \u0391\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd&nbsp; \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anamniseis.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/a327-Economy1-Small.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anamniseis.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/a327-Economy1-Small.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-79777\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u03a4\u03bf \u0391\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf \u039a\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7. Aperi with its neighborhoods, with Nicholas Kafetzidakis as its Muhtar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd. \u0388\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03be\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Economic and class situation in Karpathos, during the years of Turkish rule<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>By Manolis G. Cassotis<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The tax records of Mukhtar (mayor) Nicholas Kafetzidakis take us back 150 years and give us an idea of the economic and social class status that prevailed in Karpathos during the years of Turkish rule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nicholas Kafetzidakis served as the Muhtar of Aperi, which also included the then developing port of Pigadia, from 1876 to 1879. Among other things, each Muhtar was responsible for collecting taxes, such as the \u201cMaktou\u201d, the military, the archiepiscopal grant and municipal taxes. Because the Karpathians were exempt from military service, each family was taxed with 21 piasters per year, which was allocated for the salaries of the Moudiris (Turk government representative) and the Zaptiedes (grenadiers). The tobacco tax was collected by the Turkish Government, as was the customs duty which was allocated for the salaries of the port custom officer and guards. The rest went to the municipalities for schools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The archiepiscopal grant amounted to 10 piasters per family, as did the compensation of the Mukhtar and the prefects, for the right to graze the shepherds paid 15 parades (40 parades was equivalent to one piaster) per animal. In addition to direct taxation, every adult male was obliged to offer two days\u2019 work for the various works of the Municipality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anamniseis.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/a327-Economy6-Small.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anamniseis.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/a327-Economy6-Small.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-79782\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1: \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b6\u03af\u03c4\u03b9, 10 \u03b3\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1, 5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 10 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03ac\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf. Turkish coins: gold lira, gold medjiti, 10 piasters 5 piasters, one piaster and 10 parades with which transactions were made in Karpathos.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Of particular interest is the \u201cMaktou\u201d tax, which was mainly based on real estate, and for the entire island amounted to 41,272 piasters, i.e. 413 Turkish gold liras. (The golden Turkish lira weighed 7.2 grams of 22-carat gold and was subdivided into 100 piasters, which were subdivided into 40 parades. The current value of the Turkish lira at that time is $860). The \u201cMaktou\u201d tax was distributed to each municipality according to the population and the area of arable land it included. The amount was divided among the families at a joint meeting of the municipality\u2019s taxpayers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nicholas Kafetzidakis\u2019 tax records (Michael Chiotis: Local self-government during the periods of Turkish rule\u2026) contain interesting information, from which we can draw conclusions about the economic situation and social class status prevailed in Karpathos during the Turkish rule, if we consider that the taxation of \u201cMaktou\u201d was equivalent to 5% of the taxpayer\u2019s income.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The 218 taxpayers listed in the 1876 tax records can be divided into three categories. The first category includes 55 taxpayers who are taxed at 100-200 piasters each with an average of 121 piasters (equivalent to $1044), and with an estimated income of $20,000 in today\u2019s dollars. The second category includes 93 taxpayers, who are taxed at 50-100 piasters each with an average of 67 piasters (equivalent to $578), and with an estimated income of $11,000 in today\u2019s dollars. The third category includes 70 taxpayers, who are taxed at 10-50 piasters each with an average of 27 piasters (equivalent to $233), and with an estimated income of $4,500 in today\u2019s dollars. Overall, the average taxpayer is taxed at 68 piasters (equivalent to $587), and with an estimated income of $12,000 in today\u2019s dollars. The highest taxpayer pays 199 piasters and the lowest 10. The economic position of each taxpayer also implies his social status and recognition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first category includes the Kanakaris with large landholdings who marry Kanakares. They have oil tree fields, granaries, grapevines yards and large irrigated plots in the village, with fruit trees and all kinds of vegetables. The same category includes the teachers and other literate people of the time who married Kanakares, and they were usually elected as Mukhtars, prefects and judges and were awarded religious offices (Nouaros, Sakellarios, Skevophylakas, Hartofylakas, Economos, Protopapas etc.). Because they could not take care of all the work on their estates, they used laborers who were paid in kind. All those who belonged to the first category had the largest and most presentable houses in the village.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second category included the smaller Kanakaris who married smaller Kanakares, usually second-born daughters. After Kanakaris married, whatever property he acquired was for his second-born daughter, along with the house he built for her, and she took the name of his mother. Some of the smaller Kanakares took the name of an aunt without descendant who inherited her and took care of her in her old age. In general, the smaller Kanakares married a smaller Kanakaris or a craftsman or artisan, such as a shoemaker, carpenter or blacksmith and coffee shop owner. They themselves took care of the estates they owned, they also had a goat for her milk and Eater\u2019s lamb, and about a dozen hens for their eggs. Some also had a pig for its meat, which they roasted and for its fat, saved for the winter months. The houses they lived in were not like those of the Kanakaris, but they also had their conveniences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second category also included the shepherds who had around 200 sheep and goats and looked after them with their wives and children. They lived in stables in the meadows where they grazed their animals, moving them to the lowlands in the winter and to the mountains in the summer. The same category also included those who had agricultural and working animals, oxen and mules, which they used in the olive presses, in plowing the fields and in threshing grain. Like the shepherds, they also lived in a stable near which they also had a second stable for their animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The third category included the post born (usually third and fourth born) landless men and their landless wives. They tried to make a living by digging Kanakaris\u2019 vineyards and fields. Even their wives worked in picking olives and harvesting. Their payment was in kind, the daily wage for picking olives was 300 drams of oil (960 grams) and for harvesting a pinak (4 kilograms) of wheat or barley. Once, a Kanakaris, for three days\u2019 wages a year, allow a worker to pick the figs of a fig tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The few fishermen who existed also belonged to this category. One or two would go fishing with someone who had a rowboat and would use a \u201ckatheti\u201d (fishline with dozen small hooks) to catch snappers and perches and would use a \u201cparagadi\u201d (long fishline with 100-200 larger hooks) to catch bigger fish. Sometimes, with even larger hooks, they would catch groupers. The person who owned the boat would get a double share. The best quality fish were sold to those who could afford it, while the others would be kept for their families. They would also collect salt from small natural salt pans and exchange it for livestock products with the shepherds, who use it to make brine for cheese.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The houses that the third-class people stayed in, were as big as they could fit them, had a sofa to sleep in, a fireplace to cook, and a \u201csini\u201d (flat table 10 inches high) that they put on the floor and ate their food sitting \u201canakurkua\u201d (on the floor with their legs crossed). Those who did not have this luxury lived in stables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many of the landless Karpathians, earn money, left after Easter and returned in October, went to Aydin and other parts of Asia Minor, to the maritime Dodecanese islands, to Samos and especially to Crete and worked in construction. Many of them did not return, they stayed there, got married, started families and some progressed. Even today, on these islands, there are many with the surname Karpathakis and with other surnames that indicate Karpathian origin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The position of post born daughters who did not marry was more difficult. They lived in the parental home with the eldest daughter who inherited it and helped with the housework and the fields, and some were employed by kanakaris.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5) \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 150 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03ac\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <a href=\"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/?p=19385\"> Read more&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19386,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144],"tags":[9],"class_list":["post-19385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-144","tag-a-tag"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19385"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19387,"href":"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19385\/revisions\/19387"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/19386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dodekanisos.com.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}